The conventions free essay sample

For example: This band could be the next Battles. Those who know The Battles, considered by most to be the greatest band in rock history, might be persuaded to listen to this band. ) 6. Ambiguity: an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. 7. Analogy : A comparison between two things in which the more complex is explained in terms of the more simple. For example (and from the film Forrest Gum ): Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre going to get. 8. Anaphora: repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row.This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the rites point more coherent. Think Martin Luther Kings l Have a Dream speech. 9. Anecdote : A short, entertaining story used for effect. Most such stories contain a moral or a message supporting the speaker or writers persuasive intent. We will write a custom essay sample on The conventions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 10. Annotation: explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data. 1 1 . Antecedent: the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers. 12. Antithesis: the presentation of two contrasting images written with parallel structure. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, Or paragraphs. TO be or not to be It was the best of times;it was the worst of times Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country 13. Appeal to Authority : Using a perceived figure of authority or interest for the purpose of strengthening an argument. For example: Consider all the television ads that have a person dressed up in a doctors outfit endorsing a product. Also, note how popular celebrities are used to pitch products. 14. Appeal to Pity : a fallacy in which someone tries to win support for an argument or idea by exploiting her or his opponents feelings of pity or guilt.The appeal to pity is a pacific kind of appeal to emotion. 15. Argument: A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer. 16. Argumentation: The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader. 17. Argument Ad Bacterium: Fallacy that occurs when threat of force is made, either implicitly or explicitly. Example: Im willing to discuss this in even more depth, but if you dont come around soon, there may be dire consequences. (Vacuum from the Latin means stick. ) 8. Argument Ad Populous This fallacy occurs when an argument panders to popular passion or sentiment. When, for instance, a politician exclaims in a debate that his opponent is out of step with the beliefs of everyone in the audience, he/she is committing the fallacy. The legitimacy of a statement depends not on its popularity, but on its truth credentials. 19. Assonance: Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity. 20. Assonated: Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words.The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted;in addition, the use f commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z. 21 . Attitude: the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience. 22. Authority: Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience. 23. Backing: Support or evidence for a claim in an argument. 24. Balance: a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work. 5. Begging the Question : A fallacy of logical argument in which a person assumes something to be rue that is either questionable, debatable, or false. For example: In arguing against the death penalty, one might claim that is morally wrong to kill another person. However, those who take the opposite view would disagree with this claim. To write persuasively, one cant base an argument on a debated pointit Will not convince anyone who fundamentally disagrees. Often called circular reasoning, _ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim. 6. Cacophony: harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word. 27. Causal Relationship: writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument. 28. Schisms: Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea. 29. Colloquial: the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn is written in a _ style. 30.Comic Relief: the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event. Character: hose who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types. 31 . Conflict: a clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. . Man;man vs.. Nature;man vs.. God;man vs.. Self. 32. Connotation: the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning. 33. Consonance: Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity. 4. Cumulative: Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars. 35. Damning with False Praise The intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative impact. Think sarcasm: Thats an interesting new hairstyle! Or, Your attempts are admirable if thoroughly unsuccessful. 36. Deconstruction: a critical approach that debunks single definitions of meaning based on the instability Of language. It is not a dismantling of a structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself. 37. Deduction : A form of reasoning that begins with a generalization and then reasons down to a specific conclusion in light of specific facts;the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example. See syllogism. MS. Smith 38. Denotation: the literal or dictionary meaning Of a word 39. Description: The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses. 40. Dialect: the recreation of regional spoken language, such as a Southern one.Hurst uses this in Their Eyes Were Watching God 41 . Diction: the authors choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning 42. Didactic: writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A and focuses on moral or ethical concerns. 43. Digression work is usually formal : A temporary departure from the main subject in speaking or writing. Digressions may be inadvertent but usually arent. When asked a difficult question, a politician might intentionally go off on a tangent. Hell talk for a while but never actually get around to answering the query. (Thats an interesting question, it reminds me of a time when I. 4. Dramatic Irony: In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the ark 45. Dismisses : The use of a word or phrase that is more severe or offensive than the situation or matter truly entails (the opposite of euphemism). People use dismisses when they want something to appear worse than it truly is. 46. Either presenting only two alternatives when in fact more exist. 47. Either-or reasoning: When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives. 8. Ellipsis: Indicated by a series of three periods, the _ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text. 49. Epigraph: The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is You are all a lost generation i by Gertrude Stein. 50. Equivocation: When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument. 51 . Teeth cal Appeal: When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text. 52.Ethos, or Trust : Changing the minds of others by instilling a sense of trust, or credibility, in the speaker, such that others believe in and value his or her opinions. 3. Euphemism: a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. He went to his final reward is a common _ for he died. They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation. 54. Euphony: the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work. 55. Example: an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern 56.Explication: The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. _ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language. 57. Exposition: The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion. 58. False Dilemma : A fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one is assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable. 59.Figurative Language: Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid. 60. Figure of Speech: A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are hyperbole, irony, metaphor, simile, synecdoche, understatement, etc. 61. Genre: The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. 62. Hasty Generalization The habit of arriving at a bold conclusion based on a limited sample of evidence. This often occurs with statistics.For instance, someone may ask ten women and one man what their opinion is of contemporary male-female relationships and from this sample draw a sweeping conclusion;hasty generalization would then be said to exist. 63. Homily: This term literally means sermon, but more informally, it can include any errors talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. 64. Hyperbole: a figure Of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. 65. Imagery: The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.On a physical level, _ uses terms related to the five senses;we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual _ while also representing the color in a womans cheeks. 66. Induction : A form of reasoning which works from a body of facts to a general conclusion. Scientific knowledge is usually drawn through induction. The ancients observed the movement of the stars and planets for centuries, finally drawing from known facts formulas that explained the laws and movements of celestial bodies. 67. Infer: To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. 8. Invective: an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. 69. Irony : A contrast between what appears to be and what really is. Irony is often used to build or develop interest in a subjector to show that people are mistaken in what they believe. 0. Logos, or Reason : Changing the minds of others through rational, or reasonable, arguments. 71. Metaphor: a direct comparison between dissimilar things. Your eyes are stars is an example. 72. Metonymy: Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.For example: a news release that claim The White House declared rather than The President declared 73. Mood: This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speakers attitude. The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. 74. Narrative Device: This term describes the tools Of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect. 5. Narrative: The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. 76. Non Sequitur : A fallacy that occurs when one statement does not logically follow from what preceded it. 77. Onomatopoeia: a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of rods. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum. 78. Oxymoron: From the Greek for pointedly foolish, is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include jumbo shrimp and cruel kindness. 79. Parable : A short story from which a lesson may be drawn.Related to anecdote. Most parables are ancient tales. 80. Paradox : A statement which seems self-contradictory but which may in fact be true. In other words, something that appears to be false is actually true, or something that appears to be true is actually false. Remember that arguments are used o change opinions. One might frame the entire argument as a paradox, suggesting that what some in the audience think to be true is not. 81 . Parallelism: refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. 82.Parody: A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. 83. Pathos, or Emotion : Changing the minds of others through emotional appeals, such as that of fear, pity, sorrow, or anger. 84. Pedantic: An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish. 85. Periodic Sentence: A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety. 86.Personification: The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsmith s these that bares her bosom to the moon. 87. Point of View: In literature, the perspective from which a Story is told. 88. Post Hoc, Ergo Porter Hoc (after this, therefore because of this) This might also be described as the causality fallacy: Event follows from Event x, so one automatically concludes that caused . (A young man walks by a neighbors house and sees a cat scurrying away;he looks up and sees a giant hole in the window. The hole, he infers, must have been caused by the cat, who fell through the pane.The inference is hasty, because the hole might have been caused by any number of things a baseball that missed a friends glove and flew over his head;young brothers fighting inside and accidentally smashing the window, etc. ). 89. Prose: One of the major divisions of genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech. 90. Red Herring An attempt to divert attention from the crux of an argument by introduction of anecdote, irrelevant detail, subsidiary facts, tangential references, and the like. 1 Repetition: The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. 92. Rhetoric: from the Greek for orator, this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively. 3. Rhetorical Modes: The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. 94. Rhetorical Question : A question asked for effect to emphasize a point. No answer is expected.For example: Do you want drunk drivers roaming the roads at night putting the lives of your family and friends in peril? 95. Sarcasm: from the Greek meaning to tear flesh, involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device. 96. Satire: A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and invention for reform or ridicule. Satire mocks an opponent and/or his position. The purpose of the ridicule is not for laughs but to change the minds Of readers and listeners. Satire differs from parody. Ardor is mimicry for laughs only. Satire is ridicule with persuasive intent. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, _ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of _, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition. 97. Semantics: The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical ND psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another. 98. Situational Irony: a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected. 9. Slippery Slope: a change in procedure, law, or action, will result in adverse consequences. (e. G. , If we allow doctor assisted suicide, then eventually the government will control how we die. ) It does not necessarily follow that just because we make changes that a slippery slope will occur. 100. Straw Man A fallacy that occurs when someone attacks a less defensible position than the one actually being put forth. This occurs very often in politics, when one seeks to derive maximum approval for himself/herself or for a cause.Example: Opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement amounts to nothing but opposition to free trade. (Someone can believe in free and open trade and yet still oppose NONFAT. ) 101 . Stream-of-Consciousness: This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be. 102. Style: an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, hanta, figurative language, and other literary devices. 103.

Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay Example

Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay Example Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay Its More Than a Video Is a Social Movement Essay It’s more than a video: it’s a social media movement In this paper, I would like to discuss the elements that made the KONY 2012 the most viral video in the history, with over 76 million views in one week. I will also discuss how social media has played a significant role in this campaign and the elements that promoted the engagement of young people worldwide. With 76 million viewers in one week, the Kony 2012 campaign designed by Invisible Children has caused a movement. While millions of people have collaborated so far with this initiative by buying 500,00 â€Å"Action Kits† and/or sharing this video through their social media, others have criticized it affirming that campaigns like these give young people a false sense of accomplishment and discourage real engagement in social issues (Ojalvo, 2012). But what made this campaign so attractive for 76 million viewers? What made them click? â€Å"if you want to get and hold someone’s attention, tell a story† (Weinschenk, 2009, p. 112). According to the website, â€Å"Invisible Children uses film, creativity and social action to end the use of child soldiers in Joseph Kony’s rebel war and restore LRA-affected communities in Central Africa to peace and prosperity. † To achieve this mission they are trying to: 1. Make the world aware of the LRA. This includes making documentary films and touring them around the world so that they are seen for free by millions of people, 2. Channel energy from viewers of IC films into large-scale advocacy campaigns to stop the LRA and protect civilians, and 3. Operate programs on the ground in LRA-affected areas that provides protection, rehabilitation and development assistance (Invisible Children, n. d. ). Invisible Children began his â€Å"National Tour† campaign in 2005, with 29 college-age students who traveled throughout US, to raise awareness in local schools and communities. However, it was from a video launched a week ago that this organization became popular worldwide. According to Mr. Keesey, â€Å"[The video] is connected to a really deep, thoughtful very intentional and strategic campaign. The purpose of the web campaign was to introduce new people to the terror inflicted by LRA. Those people could then take their awareness to their political leader† (Invisible Children, 2012). The inspiring current of cyber idealism among the under-25’s is a phenomenon that Cohen (2012) describes a one that has triggered a quite unique social validation movement. Accorrding to Haslam, McGarty, Turner (1996), people are more likely to be persuaded and positively influenced by others with whom they recognize a shared identity. With the help of Facebook and Twitter, Jason Russell’s video has become the most viral video in history, and succeeded in promoting (as it is explained on the webpage) the involvement of celebrities like Angeline Jolie, Ben Affleck, and Ellen DeGeneres. Angeline Jolie, who has been named a Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations said during an event to mark International Women’s Day â€Å" I don’t know anyone who does not hate Kony† (Child, 2012). Ben Affleck also commented on the website of his humanitarian organization Eastern Congo Initiative, â€Å"Joseph Kony must be caught. His lieutenants must be brought to justice and the LRA abductees still in the bush – fighting against their will must be rescued and rehabilitated†. Ellen DeGeneres, who has over 4. 5 million twitter followers, has also made a comment about the KONY 2012 saying, â€Å"I am talking about it, I hope you are too†. Justin Bieber, Rihanna and Oprah have also made comments supporting this cause and engaging his fans to â€Å"retweet† this video. What this campaign has caused is what Gentile et al (2009) defined as â€Å"beneficial† behavior, for being associated with generally kind, altruistic individuals. In the website, the program Schools for Schools talks about how US schools compete against each other, to see which one gathered more money to help build schools in Northern Uganda. This had generated among US students a largely unconscious feeling called by Weinschenk (2009), Reciprocity, because representatives from the winner school also had the opportunity to travel to Northern Uganda to share with local students and promote intercultural exchange. Persuasion and reciprocity are also concepts well used in the campaign. Part of the original video’s purpose is to engage the audience to buy the â€Å"action kit†. As described in the web page: â€Å"People will think you are and advocate of awesome. Everything you’ll need to take part in our KONY 2012 campaign is included in this kit: an official campaign + T-shirt + KONY bracelet + action guide + Stickers + Button + Posters† (Invisible Children, 2012). This Action Kit will be used on the night of April 20th, in the â€Å"cover the night† activity, where the goal is to post 1,000,000 campaign posters, signs and stickers around the US. Due the enormous success of the video, 500,000 Action Kits, T-shirts and CDs where sold in a matter of days and are no longer available. As a result, followers turned to social media to ask when they will have more. As Weinschenk (2009) says, if there is limited availability of something, we assume it is more valuable and we want it even more. According to the Visible Measures Blog (2012), until today, Kony 2012 had generated 112 million views and over 860,000 comments. The views come from 750 clips across the web most coming from video responses to the campaign. There are even translated subtitled versions of the documentary popping up in Spanish, Italian, French and Chinese. The more reviewers there are, the more powerful the impact of social validation will be (Weinschenk, 2009). Jason Russell presents the story using a narrative form in 1st person; that captures the audience’s attention by using a language that is easily understood. The video can be divided into 3 parts. In the first part, he stimulates mostly the mid brain. By using phrases like â€Å"because he was born, he matters† â€Å"I want him to live in a better world†, Jason shows his â€Å"personas† as Weinschenk (2009) calls them, so you can be clear of his motivations, values and relationships. In order for us to engage with his motive, he focuses on showing his son Gavin as a happy American boy who is enjoying his childhood, so when later you see boys â€Å"living in fear† your middle brain will generate angry and sadness. For the second part of the video, he continues to engage the mid brain, by narrating the story of Jacob, a survivor of the LRA-Abduction. Jacob talks about his brother and how he wants to dye because the does not likes the way Ugandan boys live. During this part, Jason narrates how boys like Jacob are forced to fight, abuse girls, mutilate and in some cases kill members of their own families. He presents pictures of mutilated kids and boys sleeping on the floor. He also presents people who have been engaged to the â€Å"National Tour† movement. The music, during this part of the video is low, with a sad tone and no lyrics. In this second part, the old brain is stimulated with images and phrases like â€Å"fear†, â€Å"in danger†, â€Å"afraid†, â€Å"abducted† and â€Å"sex slaves†. Jason also starts using the â€Å"You† word in phrases like â€Å"this is not only about me and you, is about changing the course of human history† and â€Å"We Build a community around the idea that where you live should not determine whether you live†. This is also incorporated in a later video of Jason, where he is thanking the audience for the response and the forwarding abilities of those who shared the video in the first days. The clearly states: â€Å"This is not our movement, it is a name, I mean it is Invisible Children, but it is your movement, you started this, with your donations, and we are here to serve you, it is much bigger than me†. During the TONY 2012 video, our new brain is again stimulated when Jason explains his Gavin, who is Joseph Kony. Gavin uses simple phrases like â€Å"he is bad†, â€Å"they should stop him†, which reinforces the main idea of the video. Later, Jason includes the declaration of the Head prosecutor of Int. crimes court, who explains how the ICC is trying to indict Joseph Kony for: Abduction, slavery, abuses and homicide enforces the reason for this video. In the third part of the video, again the three brains are engaged. The music changes to energize the images. Our brains are built to process pictures, and we think in pictures, so presenting information as pictures is the most effective way to present information to people† (Weinschenk, 2009, p. 116). Jason introduces the programs they have been working in Northern Uganda, and thousands of college-age collaborators participating in intercultural meetings where they are helping a cause while having fun. Since Jason does not want us to stay with the sad part of the story in our minds; in this last part, the tries to move the audience from feeling sad and angry, to get active and cooperate by: 1. Sharing the video on Facebook and Twitter, 2. Purchasing the action kit, 3. Donate to the cause. Is in this part of the video, where Jason incorporates some marketing concepts that were explained in Weinschenk book: Deals: if you donate a â€Å"few bucks a month†, you can have the action kit for â€Å"free†. The bracelet has a unique number that you can register in the KONY 2012 webpage to have more information about the movement. Community is a concept reinforced several times on the video. Phrases like â€Å"a bunch of little’s can make a lot of difference†, â€Å"The first time this action was taken, because the people demand it† â€Å"Not only for Ugandan people but for everyone† makes you feel that his video is part of something bigger. As a result, the reaction you can see in many people celebrating the response from President Obama, of sending soldiers to work with Uganda’s army, gives the impression of a worldwide network that have worked hard to make this cause of public interest. It presents how through social media, the community have shared what they are doing in each city, and how they are getting ready for the night of april 20th. As Weinschenk (2009) refers, the cooperation between individuals in a group, allows it to grow and support each other. According to Green Brock (2002), narrative persuasion addresses occur because an individual is â€Å"transported† into the narrative world. KONY 2012, has successfully maintained 70 million people watching a 30 minute documentary, ensuring what Walt Disney said many years ago: audiences can maintain the attention for more than 2 minutes if the material presented is appealing enough. This narrative persuasion and the use of simple language (that even a four year old kid can understand) is what makes it a catchy video for all ages. Using the Mass Interpersonal Persuasion (Weinschenk, 2009, p. 131), Jason made and excellent campaign, that evokes strong emotions and leads people to completely agree on his cause. The fact that this video has been shared mostly by teenagers from 13-17 years old (Rode, 2012), does makes a point that although they have not been in the past targeted by CSR campaigns, they do have the power to spread the word faster than other age groups. Just like in Egypt, social media is giving youth voice and determining a political agenda and helping them discover their untapped power. As a result of this successful campaign, many have discussed whether this video will continue to evoke social change. According to Ruge (2012), editor of CNN â€Å"KONY 2012, cemented the legitimacy of social media for global engagement, but missed an opportunity to empower the many Ugandan and Central African voices newly visible with the advent of mobile technology and social media tools on the continent†. Other journalists such as Christiane Amanpour (the Chief international corresponding for CNN) affirms that â€Å"what’s really important is that this 52 million and counting view’s will hopefully not just sensitized people about war criminals like Joseph Kony but in general try to get society on board to really press the governments to do something about this war crimes†. Regarding all the critics, the Facebook page told his more than 3 million fans: â€Å"Whether you’re criticizing Invisible Children or not, it is not about us. I think that everyone can agree that this violence needs to stop and children should not be forced to fight† (Facebook/invisiblechildren, 2012). This page also encourages people to leave comments on the wall, promoting ideas, asking questions. What cannot be argued, is that those 750,000 people who have shared the video, and those 500,000 who bought the Action Kit have developed ownership for this cause, and that for years, this movement will be studied not because it moved people to buy bracelets or donate a few dollars, but because it moved the masses, and made us realize the great power social media can have when used correctly. Reference: Affleck, B. (2012). A message from ECI founder Ben Affleck on KONY 2012. Retrieved from: easterncongo. org/news-perspectives/ Child, B. (2012). Kony 2012: Angelina Jolie calls for Ugandan warlord’s arrest. Retrieved from: guardian. co. uk/film/2012/mar/12/kony-2012-angelina-jolie CNN. (2012). Amanpour: Kony film helps to educate. Retrieved from: www. cnn. com/video/#/video/world/2012/03/09/uganda-kony-film-amanporut-reax. cnn Giles, D. C. (2003). Media Psychology. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Haslam, S. A. , McGarty. C. , Turner, J. C. (1996). Whats social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups. (pp. 29-56)Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, IncNye, Judith L. (Ed); Brower, Aaron M. (Ed), (1996). xxxiii, 398 pp. Harris, C. (2011) â€Å"Walden University and Harris Interactive Release Report on the Future of Social Change†, Professional Services Close-Up, Sept. 23, 2011. Invisible children, (2012). Thank you, Kony 2012 Supporters. Retrieved from: http://vimeo. com/38344284 Invisible Children webpage: www. invisiblechildren. com Ojalvo, H. (2012). Do social media campaigns like Kony 2012 stunt or stimulate real change? Retrieved from: http://learning. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/13/do-social-media-campaigns-like-kony-2012-stunt-or-stimulate-real-change/ Paine, K. (2007). How to Measure Social Media Relations: The More things change, the more they remain the same. Retrieved from: instituteforpr. org/wp-content/uploads/How_to_Measure_Blogs. pdf Rode, M. 2012). South Africa: Five lessons brands can learn from Kony 2012. Retrieved from: http://allafrica. com/stories/201203141089. html. Ruge, TMS. (2012). Opinion: Why Kony 2012 created the wrong buzz. Retrieved from: www. cnn. com/2012/03/12/world/africa/kony-2012-tms-opinion/index. html Update: Kony social video campaign tops 100 million views. (2012). Visible measures. Retrieved from: http://corp. visiblemeasures. com/news-and-events/blog/ Weinschenk, S. M. (2009 ). Neuro Web Design: What Makes Them Click? Berkeley: New Riders.